WITHDRAWN: An Integrated Conceptual-Design Framework for Multicopter Urban Air Mobility Vehicles

Urban air mobility (UAM) concepts must satisfy stringent energy, noise, and safety constraints while remaining economically feasible. Wingless multicopters offer mechanical simplicity and high hover efficiency, making them attractive platforms for air‑taxi services. Nevertheless, most prior studies examine aerodynamics, structures, or mission analysis in isolation. This paper introduces an integrated conceptual design framework that links configuration screening, mission‑driven weight sizing, rotor aerodynamic modelling, composite airframe assessment, and evaluation of energy margins within a single workflow. Each module adopts established methods from the rotorcraft and eVTOL literature and exchanges data through a common architecture, which supports rapid iteration and early exploration of design trade‑offs. The framework is demonstrated for a passenger multicopter with a maximum take‑off weight of 1 000 kg and a 40 km urban mission profile. The analysis predicts a total energy requirement of 73.9 kWh and a battery mass of 295 kg when current lithium‑ion cells with a specific energy of 250 Wh kg⁻¹ are assumed. Finite‑element simulations of the airframe and rotor hubs yield minimum safety factors greater than 1.5, confirming structural adequacy while revealing opportunities for further weight reduction. A parametric study shows that batteries expected to reach 400 Wh kg⁻¹ by 2030 could reduce the required energy‑storage mass by almost forty percent, thus increasing payload or range. By coordinating mature analytical tools rather than proposing new algorithms, the framework supplies designers with a coherent process for early evaluation of wingless multicopter concepts. The case study illustrates how system‑level insight into energy use, structural robustness, and mission compliance can accelerate the development of sustainable eVTOL vehicles for dense urban environments.