Impact Angle Constrained Guidance Laws for Stationary Target Interception in 3D Space

Interception of stationary targets with all possible impact angles is presented in three-dimensional (3D) space considering the field-of-view (FOV) constraint of the onboard seeker to make it feasible for practical applications. A four-stage Pure Proportional Navigation (PPN) guidance law is proposed to achieve all impact angles in 3D space. The proposed guidance law formulates the 3D problem into two planar engagement problems. The PPN with navigation gain N=2 is used on the first plane to intercept a virtual target and then on the second plane, a biased PPN algorithm along with a single stage/two-stage PPN is used to intercept the target. The proposed guidance law is simulated using a kinematic model of a missile and compared with the two-plane-segregated two-planar-phase integrated guidance law. The effectiveness of the proposed guidance scheme is seen from the results.