Formulation and Evaluation of Goat Milk Soap Incorporated by Calamine and Lemongrass Oil

The study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of goat milk soap incorporated with calamine and lemongrass oil to develop a mild, functional cleansing bar with enhanced dermatological benefits.Goat milk was selected as the base due to its rich composition of fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals known to support skin hydration and barrier function.Calamine was incorporated for its soothing, anti-inflammatory, and antipruritic properties, while lemongrass oil was added for its antimicrobial action and pleasant natural fragrance.The soap formulations were prepared using the cold-process method, and varying concentrations of calamine and lemongrass oil were assessed to determine their effects on physicochemical characteristics and user acceptability.Evaluation parameters included pH, foamability, hardness, moisture content, cleansing efficiency, microbial stability, and sensory attributes.The optimized formulation demonstrated a skin-friendly pH, stable texture, good lathering ability, and effective cleansing performance, with added soothing and antimicrobial properties.Overall, the results indicate that goat milk soap enriched with calamine and lemongrass oil can serve as a beneficial natural skincare product with potential value for sensitive and irritated skin.