A Comprehensive Literature Review on Enterprise Resilience: An Integrated Analysis from Capability, Strategic Management, and Supply Chain Perspectives

Against the backdrop of global economic turbulence, accelerated technological transformation, and increasingly frequent supply chain disruptions, enterprise resilience has become a critical capability enabling organizations to survive, recover, and achieve transformative growth. Over the past two decades, research on enterprise resilience has evolved from early discussions on risk management and organizational reliability to broader perspectives encompassing dynamic capabilities, strategic flexibility, digital governance, and supply chain network systems. Drawing upon international scholarly work as well as studies rooted in the Chinese context, this paper systematically reviews resilience through three core perspectives—capability foundations, strategic and managerial mechanisms, and supply chain network structures—to reveal its conceptual evolution, mechanisms of influence, and theoretical development trajectories. The review shows that enterprise resilience is shifting from a static risk-buffering capability toward a dynamic and systemic developmental capacity. Digital technologies, platform ecosystems, and intelligent governance are emerging as new drivers of resilience building. Meanwhile, the institutional logic, industrial-chain collaboration, and digital infrastructure characterizing the Chinese context have shaped a distinct trajectory of resilience development compared with Western paradigms. Finally, this paper identifies several unresolved issues in current research—such as fragmented mechanisms, inconsistent measurement, and insufficient theoretical grounding in Chinese contexts—and proposes future directions including dynamic evolutionary modeling, digital resilience frameworks, system-level supply chain resilience, and localized theoretical construction. The paper provides a synthesized overview and theoretical insights for advancing resilience theory and improving managerial practice.