Correlation of Hemoglobin Levels with Oxygen Saturation and Resting Heart Rate in Patients with Chronic Anemia: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Center

Background: Chronic anemia leads to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and triggers physiological compensatory mechanisms, particularly involving the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Assessment of these adaptations using simple, non-invasive physiological parameters may provide valuable insights into the severity and functional impact of anemia, especially in resource-limited settings. Objectives: (1) To assess resting oxygen saturation and heart rate in patients with chronic anemia. (2) To correlate hemoglobin levels with oxygen saturation and resting heart rate. (3) To evaluate the physiological compensatory response to chronic anemia using routinely available clinical parameters. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center over a defined study period. Patients diagnosed with chronic anemia were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Hemoglobin levels were estimated using automated hematology analyzers. Resting oxygen saturation was measured using a finger pulse oximeter, and heart rate was recorded after adequate rest. Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations between hemoglobin concentration and physiological parameters. Results: A significant negative correlation was observed between hemoglobin levels and resting heart rate, indicating increasing tachycardia with declining hemoglobin concentration. Hemoglobin levels showed a mild but statistically significant positive correlation with oxygen saturation. These findings reflect physiological cardiovascular compensation in chronic anemia. Conclusion: Hemoglobin levels in chronic anemia correlate significantly with resting heart rate and, to a lesser extent, with oxygen saturation. Simple physiological measurements such as pulse rate and oxygen saturation can serve as useful adjuncts in assessing the functional severity of chronic anemia, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare settings.