Analysis of Caesarean Section Rate According to Robson's Ten-Group Classification System in a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Caesarean section rates have risen dramatically worldwide, necessitating systematic monitoring using standardized classification systems. The World Health Organization recommends Robson's ten-group classification as the global standard for analyzing caesarean section rates. This study aimed to analyze caesarean section patterns using Robson's classification in a tertiary care setting. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over three months at a tertiary care hospital. All 430 women with gestational age ≥28 weeks were classified according to Robson's ten-group system based on parity, gestational age, fetal presentation, onset of labor, and previous caesarean history. Data on demographic characteristics, delivery outcomes, and indications were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: The overall caesarean section rate was 56.3% (242/430). Group V contributed most to caesarean sections (28.9%), followed by Group I (16.5%) and Group X (12.4%). Group V showed 100% caesarean rate with no vaginal births after caesarean. Groups VI-IX also had 100% caesarean rates, while Group III had the lowest (15.2%). Previous caesarean section was the leading indication (28.9%), followed by fetal distress (22.3%). Groups V, I, and II collectively contributed 57.8% of all caesarean sections. Conclusion: Groups V, I, and II were the largest contributors to caesarean sections. The complete absence of vaginal birth after caesarean section and high primary caesarean rates in nulliparous women indicate significant opportunities for intervention. Robson's classification provides valuable insights for developing evidence-based strategies to optimize caesarean section utilization.