Assessment of Postpartum Depression and Anxiety Among Postpartum Mothers

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety (PPA) are major public health concerns affecting maternal wellbeing, infant care, and family functioning. In India, sociocultural and economic factors significantly influence maternal mental health, yet routine screening remains inadequate. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PPD and PPA among postpartum mothers and identify associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 100 postpartum mothers attending the postnatal clinic at C. U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar. Participants within six weeks postpartum were evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Socio-demographic and obstetric variables were collected through structured interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, applying descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results: PPD prevalence was 28%, with 14% showing mild and 14% moderate–severe depression. Moderate– severe anxiety was observed in 40% of participants. Younger mothers and cesarean deliveries showed higher depressive tendencies, though not statistically significant. Nuclear family structure was significantly associated with higher anxiety (p < 0.05). Depression was significantly more prevalent in low socioeconomic groups (p < 0.05). EPDS and HAM-A scores demonstrated a strong positive correlation (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Postpartum psychological distress is substantial, emphasizing the need for routine screening, early detection, and strengthened psychosocial support in postnatal care systems.