Urbanization, Biodiversity Loss, and Allergy Epidemics: A One-Year Observational Study from an Urban Allergy Clinic in Eastern India

Background: Rapid urbanization and biodiversity loss are increasingly recognized as major contributors to the global epidemic of allergic diseases. Reduced environmental microbial exposure, increased air pollution, and altered lifestyle patterns associated with urban living are believed to dysregulate immune tolerance and promote allergic sensitization. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical pattern of allergic diseases in an urban population and assess the association between urban exposure indicators and allergy burden. Methods: A one-year observational study was conducted among 100 patients attending an urban allergy clinic. Demographic characteristics, clinical diagnosis, and urban exposure indicators were recorded and analyzed. Results: Allergic rhinitis was the most prevalent condition (42%), followed by asthma (25%). Higher allergy burden was observed among patients with high urban exposure. Age-wise distribution, allergy pattern, and urban exposure associations are presented in tables and figures. Conclusion: Urbanization and biodiversity loss appear to significantly influence the rising burden of allergic diseases. Integrating biodiversity conservation and urban green planning may be essential strategies to reduce allergy epidemics.