Micronutrient Deficiency Patterns in Children with Recurrent Infections: A Prospective Observational Study

Background: Recurrent infections in children is frequent cause of healthcare visits and hospital admissions, particularly in low and middle income countries. Micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin D play a crucial role in immune function, and their deficiencies may predispose children to repeated infectious illnesses. Aim: To assess the pattern of micronutrient deficiencies and their association with infection frequency and severity among children with recurrent infections. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Bhadradri Kothagudem, from July to November 2025. Children aged 6 months to 12 years with recurrent infections were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Demographic details, clinical profile, and infection characteristics were recorded. Anthropometric assessment was performed using WHO growth standards. Laboratory evaluation included hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum zinc, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Among 120 enrolled children, 82.5% had at least one micronutrient deficiency. Iron deficiency was the most common (60%), followed by vitamin D (45%) and zinc (38.3%). Nearly half of the children had multiple deficiencies. Children with two or more deficiencies experienced significantly higher infection frequency, longer illness duration, and increased hospitalization rates. Conclusion: Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron, vitamin D, and zinc, are highly prevalent among children with recurrent infections and are associated with increased morbidity. Targeted screening and correction of deficiencies may help reduce infection burden in this vulnerable group.