Comparative and Combined Impact of Metformin and Lifestyle Intervention (Yoga and Walking) on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and altered lipid metabolism. Metformin remains the first-line pharmacological therapy, while lifestyle interventions such as yoga and walking have shown promising metabolic benefits. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of metformin alone, lifestyle intervention alone (yoga and walking), and their combined approach on metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM. Methods: A comparative interventional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with T2DM. Participants were divided into three groups: metformin-only group, lifestyle intervention group (yoga and walking), and combined therapy group. Metabolic parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and after the intervention period. Results: The combined intervention group demonstrated greater improvement in glycemic control and lipid parameters compared to metformin or lifestyle intervention alone. Significant reductions were observed in HbA1c, fasting glucose, BMI, and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: The combined use of metformin with yoga and walking provides superior metabolic benefits in T2DM management compared to either therapy alone, emphasizing the importance of integrating lifestyle modification with pharmacotherapy.