Study of Spectrum of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method at Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Hemoglobinopathies are a group of inherited disorders characterized by abnormal production or structure of the hemoglobin molecule. India, located on the thalassemic belt, has a high prevalence of betathalassemia and sickle cell disorders. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) has emerged as a reliable and efficient diagnostic tool for screening and diagnosis of these conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among all OPD patients whose HPLC requisition forms were received at the Central Clinical Laboratory of Pathology, Civil Hospital, Gandhinagar from August 2022 to February 2024. Complete blood count was performed using Sysmex XN-350 automated analyzer, and HPLC was performed using BIO-RAD VARIANT II system. A total of 610 samples were analyzed. Results: Out of 610 samples analyzed, 90 (14.75%) tested positive for hemoglobinopathies. Female predominance was observed (55.60% vs 44.40% males). The age group of 21-30 years showed the highest prevalence (44.40%). Beta Thalassemia Minor was the most common hemoglobinopathy (42.20%, prevalence 06.23%), followed by Sickle Cell Trait (25.60%, prevalence 03.77%) and Sickle Cell Anemia (17.80%, prevalence 02.62%). Severe anemia (Hb