Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Prospective Comparative Study from a Tertiary Care Center

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among reproductive-aged women and is frequently associated with metabolic dysfunction and adverse obstetric outcomes. Despite global evidence, regional prospective data from Eastern India remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate maternal and obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with PCOS compared to women without PCOS. Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Patna Medical College and Hospital between January 2025 and September 2025. A total of 120 antenatal women were enrolled, including 60 women diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria and 60 age-matched controls. Participants were followed from early pregnancy until delivery. Primary outcomes included gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), spontaneous abortion (SAB), preterm birth, and mode of delivery. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Results: Women with PCOS demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. The incidence of GDM (20% vs 8%), PIH (25% vs 13%), and preterm delivery (30% vs 15%) was notably higher in the PCOS group. Cesarean section rates were also increased among women with PCOS (65% vs 40%). Conclusion: PCOS is associated with a substantially increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies complicated by PCOS should be managed as high-risk, with early screening and vigilant antenatal monitoring to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes