Incidence of Carcinoma Gallbladder in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy and its Correlation with Clinicopathological Profile

Background: Gallstone disease, common in India, can lead to carcinoma gallbladder due to chronic mucosal irritation. The rate of incidental carcinoma found after cholecystectomy differs by region, highlighting the importance of early detection for improved prognosis. The present study aimed to determine incidence of carcinoma gall bladder in patients undergoing cholecystectomy and its correlation with clinicopathological profile of patients. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of general surgery at Pt. JNM medical college from January 2016 to August 2022, including 149 patients with symptomatic, ultrasonography confirmed gallstone disease undergoing elective cholecystectomy. Data on clinical, demographic, and histopathological parameters were analyzed to determine the incidence and associations of incidental gallbladder carcinoma. Results: The rate of incidental carcinoma of gall bladder in our setting was found to be 0.67. Out of 149 patients, 1(0.67%) patients had gall bladder polyp and 148(99.33%) patients didn’t had gallbladder polyp. 91(61.07%) had gall bladder wall thickness of 2-3mm and 58 (38.93%) patients had gall bladder wall thickness of 3-5mm. 4 (2.7%)patients had tenderness per abdomen,4(2.7%) patients had guarding, 2(1.3%) patients had rigidity,4(2.7%) patients had rebound tenderness,4(2.7%) patients had Murphy’s sign positive, and 3(2.0%) patients had abdominal distension. Conclusion: We concluded that most common histopathological finding in patients undergoing cholecystectomy was chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. The one case diagnosed with carcinoma gall bladder was adenocarcinoma in histopathological types. As our data might not be sufficient for correlation of various variables but given that early diagnosis in carcinoma gallbladder can drastically change outcome in patients, Histopathological analysis of all gallbladder specimen in elective as well as emergency cholecystectomy should be mandatory.