An Analytical Study of Predisposing Factors for Gallbladder Perforation during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for symptomatic gallstone disease due to reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and early recovery. However, gallbladder perforation (GP) remains a frequent intraoperative complication, reported in 10–35% of cases. GP may result in bile spillage, stone loss, increased operative time, infection, abscess formation, and prolonged hospitalization. Identifying predisposing factors is essential to minimize morbidity and improve surgical outcomes. Aim: To identify and analyze the predisposing factors contributing to gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary care centre. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Guntur Medical College, from April 2023 to March 2025. Sixty patients aged ≥18 years undergoing elective or emergency LC were included. Patients undergoing primary open surgery or with suspected malignancy were excluded. Preoperative assessment included clinical evaluation and ultrasonography (wall thickness, stone impaction). Intraoperative data included occurrence and cause of GP, surgeon experience, operative duration, and need for conversion. Postoperative outcomes such as infection, bile leak, and hospital stay were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with p