Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Metabolic Syndrome Link and Fertility Impact

Background: Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) commonly have metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. These metabolic disorders can affect ovulation, increase infertility risk, and diminish pregnancy success. Clinical management and long-term health concerns for PCOS women depend on understanding how metabolic indicators affect reproductive outcomes. This retrospective investigation links metabolic problems, hormonal imbalance, and reproductive dysfunction. Methods: The study comprised 104 women with PCOS who attended gynaecology and endocrinology outpatient clinics from March 2025 to September 2025. BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profile, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR scores, LH/FSH ratio, and serum testosterone were gathered from medical records. Ovulatory state, infertility duration, and pregnancy outcomes were examined. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Metabolic syndrome was found in 27.8% of subjects, while 72.1% had obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²). Women with HOMA-IR >2.5 were 49% insulin-resistant. Many had dyslipidaemia, especially low HDL and high triglycerides. LH/FSH ratios were higher in 62.5% and androgen levels were high. Women had 78.8% ovulatory dysfunction and 41.3% infertility. In 12 pregnancies, 33.3% ended in early miscarriage, demonstrating that metabolic disorders impaired reproductive outcomes. Conclusion: This study shows that metabolic syndrome markers strongly predict poor reproductive outcomes in PCOS women. Insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hormonal imbalance cause ovulatory dysfunction and infertility. PCOS patients' reproductive results depend on early metabolic risk factor diagnosis, lifestyle change, and focused intervention.