Unlocking Nature's Anti-Inflammatory Arsenal: An Extensive Overview of Bioactive Compounds in Coccinia Grandis and their Therapeutic Potential

Inflammation is a key underlying factor in numerous chronic diseases, and the search for safe, effective antiinflammatory agents from natural sources is ongoing. Coccinia grandis, a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, has shown promising anti-inflammatory potential in preclinical studies. Various extracts from its leaves, stems, and whole plant, particularly methanolic and aqueous preparations, have demonstrated significant inhibition of chemically and physically induced inflammation in animal models. Phytochemical investigations suggest that flavonoids, phenolics, and other bioactive compounds contribute to these effects through modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and antioxidant mechanisms. This review comprehensively summarizes the current evidence on the anti-inflammatory activity of Coccinia grandis, highlighting its therapeutic potential and highlighting the necessity for additional mechanistic investigations and clinical evaluations to develop plant-based anti-inflammatory interventions.