Endocrine and Biochemical Profile Differences between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Non-PCOS Women.

Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, marked by reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic abnormalities. Hormonal imbalance and biochemical disturbances are central to its pathophysiology and contribute to long-term health risks. Comparative assessment with non-PCOS women provides clarity on disease-specific alterations and potential clinical markers. Objectives:To compare hormonal and biochemical profiles between women with PCOS and age-matched non-PCOS women, and to quantify the magnitude of endocrine and metabolic disturbances associated with PCOS. Methods:A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 subjects, comprising 120 women diagnosed with PCOS based on standard diagnostic criteria and 120 non-PCOS controls. Clinical assessment was followed by hormonal evaluation, including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and total testosterone. Biochemical parameters included fasting blood glucose and lipid profile. Intergroup comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical tests, with statistical significance defined at conventional levels. Results:Women with PCOS showed significantly higher mean LH levels (12.4 ± 4.1 IU/L) compared with controls (6.8 ± 2.5 IU/L), along with an elevated LH/FSH ratio (>2 in 62% of PCOS subjects versus 8% of controls). Mean total testosterone levels were also higher in the PCOS group (78.6 ± 21.3 ng/dL) compared with non-PCOS women (42.9 ± 15.7 ng/dL). Biochemical analysis revealed higher fasting blood glucose levels in PCOS subjects (96.2 ± 12.8 mg/dL vs. 88.4 ± 10.6 mg/dL), with dyslipidaemia observed in nearly half of the PCOS group (48%) compared to 22% among controls. These differences were statistically significant, indicating pronounced endocrine and metabolic alterations in PCOS. Conclusion:Women with PCOS exhibit marked hormonal disturbances and adverse biochemical profiles when compared with non-PCOS women. The observed elevations in androgen levels, altered gonadotropin dynamics, and increased metabolic abnormalities reinforce the need for integrated hormonal and biochemical screening. Early identification of these changes may facilitate timely intervention and reduce long-term reproductive and cardiometabolic complications.