Molecular Mechanism To Identify The Effects Of Seendhil Polyherbal Preparation On Irs-1/Akt/Glut4/Nrf2-Keap-1 Mediated Signaling In Sfz-Induced Type-2 Diabetic Adult Male Rats

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) is characterized by impaired insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the molecular effects of seenthil polyherbal formulation (sph) on the irs-1/pi3k/akt/glut4 insulin signaling pathway and the nrf2–keap1 antioxidant system in streptozotocin (stz)- induced diabetic rats. Methods: Adult male wistar rats (n=32) were divided into four groups: control, diabetic (dm), sph-treated (500 mg/kg), and metformin-treated (50 mg/kg). Gene expression levels of insulin signaling markers (ir, irs-1, pi3k, akt, as160, glut4), antioxidant markers (nrf2, keap1), and inflammatory cytokines (il-1β, il-6, tnf-α) were analyzed using rt-pcr. Statistical significance was determined by one-way anova followed by duncan's multiple range test, with p