Electrochemical detection and delivery of DOX using multifunctional nanoplatform: Inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell proliferation and migration

Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Although doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used in clinical treatment, its therapeutic potential is restricted by systemic toxicity and drug resistance. To address these challenges, we developed a multifunctional hybrid nanosystem, CMCS-1-TESBA@CP1@DOX, which integrates carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) for biocompatibility, TESBA 4-(triethoxysilyl)butanoic acid-modified silane units for structural reinforcement, and a CP1 coordination polymer for efficient DOX encapsulation. This nanoplatform demonstrated high drug-loading capacity, pH-responsive release, and intrinsic electrochemical activity, enabling both targeted DOX delivery and real-time detection. In vitro , CMCS-1-TESBA@CP1@DOX significantly enhanced anticancer efficacy, achieving stronger inhibition of cell proliferation and migration compared with free DOX. These findings highlight CMCS-1-TESBA@CP1@DOX as a promising theranostic platform for the integrated treatment and monitoring of BC.