Revolutionizing Artificial Intelligence-Driven Sepsis Detection in Critical Care: Clinical Translation of Exosome-Based Diagnostics for Sepsis – A Literature Review

Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by the dysfunction of multiple organs resulting from the body’s homeostatic response to suppress an infection for which there is no effective treatment. The immune system is found to play an integral role in protection against pathogens that cause an imbalance in the host. The current progress in intensive care diagnostic markers and interventions in the medical field has diminished the mortality of sepsis. However, continuous inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome as well as the late phase of sepsis continue. Thus, understanding the complexity behind the imbalance and early diagnosis is an emerging field of further research. Several biomarkers have been investigated in the diagnosis of sepsis, although further research for a perfect marker continues. Certain exosomal miRNA signatures are significantly altered in sepsis, presenting knowledge regarding disease mechanisms and possible indicators. The goal of this review is to assess the function of exosomes for early diagnosis, risk assessment, and dual functionality as a biologically active communicator in the pathophysiology of sepsis as a potential candidate shaping future research.