Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles via microwave irradiation using Artocarpus camansi extract: Characterization, antioxidant, and antibacterial applications

This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Artocarpus camansi Blanco leaf extract with microwave assistance. The results indicate that metabolites in the extract successfully reduced Ag⁺ ions to Ag⁰. Characterization was conducted using UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), particle size analyzer (PSA), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), along with antibacterial (microdilution) and antioxidant activity tests. UV-Vis spectrophotometry revealed a maximum absorption peak at 441 nm, while FTIR analysis showed shifts and intensity reductions in the -OH functional group, indicating its role in AgNP formation. PSA and zeta potential measurements determined a particle size of 42.13 nm with a stability value of -43.8 mV. SEM analysis confirmed a spherical morphology with a diameter of 34.21 ± 14.21 nm, and XRD identified a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities compared to the extract. This study confirms that environmentally friendly AgNPs have significant potential as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents, offering a sustainable alternative to combat antibiotic resistance. However, further research is needed to ensure their efficacy and safety for clinical applications.