Impact of Calotropis procera on potassium bromate-induced hepatotoxicity

This study aims to investigate the impact of Calotropis procera extract (CPE) on liver damage resulting from potassium bromate. Twenty-five rats were assigned to five groups: a control group (CN), a PB group that received a single dose at 150 mg/kg body weight, a CPE group that received 2 mg/kg twice weekly for 1 month, and two combination groups (PB+CPE at 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the CPE was performed. GC-MS analysis indicated that CPE contains a mixture of compounds, with 1,3-cyclopentanedione, 4-(3-methylbutyl), and 2,3-bis (1-methylallyl) pyrrolidine being the most abundant. We evaluated various liver function markers, oxidative stress indices, and histopathological analysis of the hepatic tissues. Group PB rats exhibited a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin levels as compared to the CN group. The CPE-treated group showed a similar pattern to that of the control. However, the group treated with CPE in PB-challenged showed a significant decrease in the activities of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH and total bilirubin as compared to the CN in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, CPE also restored GSH level as well as decreased MDA level in PB- challenged group. These biochemical results were reflected in the histological evaluation of the tissue samples. Hence, CPE ameliorates PB-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating its toxic insults and oxidative stress.