Nurse–physician differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practice of sport-related concussion management in primary care

Objectives: This study examined differences between nurses and physicians in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sport-related concussion (SRC) management in resource-limited primary care settings in Indonesia. It also assessed whether professional role, knowledge, and attitudes were linked to adherence to key SRC safety behaviors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2025 among 136 early-career physicians ( n = 68) and nurses ( n = 68) in public primary care facilities in Greater Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. A validated self-administered questionnaire, developed from recent international SRC consensus statements, assessed knowledge using 25 true–false items, attitudes toward SRC severity and management, and adherence to three minimum safety-critical behaviors: Immediate removal from play after suspected SRC, structured referral, and implementation of cognitive rest. Group differences were examined using Mann–Whitney U and Chi-square tests, and associations between knowledge, attitudes, professional role, and practice were analyzed using logistic regression with complete adherence (score 100 vs.