Viral infections in homozygous sickle cell children who have received transfusions

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible viral infections (TTVI) and identify associated factors. Material and Methods: This was a multicentre cross-sectional study conducted over 12 months in children aged 1-17 years with sickle cell disease who had been receiving transfusions for at least 3 months. Blood samples were analysed by membrane immunochromatography for virological markers and using the Cobas® e411 analyser when HIV-1/2 antibodies were detected. The variables studied were sociodemographic, anamnestic, clinical and biological. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata MP 16 software with a significance threshold set at 5%. Results: The seroprevalence of TTVI was 8.5% in children aged 8.9 ± 0.6 years on average; the sex ratio equal to 0.9. The disease was discovered at an average age of 2.4 ± 0.1 years following severe anaemia in 32.6% of cases. All children received red blood cell concentrates, with an average of 3.2 ± 0.2 bags. The viral markers found were anti- hepatitis C virus antibodies (3.7%), anti-HIV ½ antibodies (2.1%) and anti-Cytomegolovirus-H immunoglobulin M antibodies (2.1%). These infections occur more frequently in children with sickle cell disease who have an altered clinical condition and low haemoglobin levels. Conclusion: The high prevalence of viral infections amongst transfused children with sickle cell disease requires that transfusion safety measures be strengthened.