Socio-demographic and psychological predictors of overweight and obesity in women

Objectives This study aimed to examine the socio-demographic and psychological predictors of overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age. It focused on understanding the associations between body mass index (BMI) and mental health outcomes, specifically depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS), while considering key socio-demographic factors. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2024 among 405 women aged 15 years and older in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to capture diverse socio-demographic groups within an urban population and completed an online survey via Google Forms. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight, and the mental health status was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Associations between BMI, DAS, and socio-demographic variables such as age, marital status, educational attainment, employment, and residential location were analysed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results Overweight and obesity were prevalent among 55.3% of participants, while 44.7% had normal BMI. Depression (64.9%), anxiety (62.2%), and stress (52.1%) were common. A weak positive association was found between BMI and depressive symptoms. Age, marital status, and education significantly influenced BMI, with older, married, and highly educated women more likely to be overweight or obese. Urban residents reported higher levels of depression and stress compared to their rural counterparts. However, no significant associations were observed between BMI and anxiety or stress independently. Conclusion BMI and mental health are intricately linked, influenced by socio-demographic factors. Policymakers should develop integrated programs combining obesity prevention with community-based mental health services tailored for urban women. Future research should include objective BMI measurements and a longitudinal approach.