Microclimatic Shifts and Cloudburst Risks in the Garhwal Himalayas: Assessing the Environmental Impact of the Tehri Dam

The Garhwal Himalayas have experienced substantial microclimatic changes following the construction of the Tehri Dam, one of India's largest hydroelectric projects. This study investigates the dam's influence on local weather dynamics, focusing on the rising frequency of cloudbursts. By integrating meteorological records, satellite data, and community insights, the research identifies key shifts including increased temperatures (by 1.5–2°C), elevated humidity levels (10–15%), and altered precipitation patterns. These changes, primarily driven by the reservoir's influence, have escalated cloudburst occurrences from 1–2 events per year before construction (1990–2005) to 3–4 events per year after its completion (2006–2025). The findings highlight the dual role of the dam in promoting regional development and contributing to environmental challenges, emphasizing the urgent need for adaptive risk management strategies to protect vulnerable ecosystems and communities.