A Study on assessment of Novel Inflammatory Markers CAR and FAR in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as “glucose intolerance (hyperglycemia) first detected in 24–28 weeks of pregnancy by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). GDM may causes maternal and fetal complications which include preterm birth, macrosomia, caesarean sections and future risk of type II diabetes mellitus. Our aim is to evaluate the levels of novel inflammatory markers CAR (CRP/albumin ratio) and FAR (Fibrinogen/albumin ratio) in GDM and normal pregnancy. The cross sectional study was conducted in Annapoorana Medical College and Hospitals, Salem. Total numbers of samples were 140. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I: 70 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus women were taken as cases. Group II: 70 normal pregnant women were taken as controls. Inflammatory markers CRP (C Reactive Protein), fibrinogen and NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) levels were significantly higher in the GDM group compared with the control group (p < 0.001), while albumin levels were significantly lower (p = 0.03). ROC analysis showed that the CRP/Albumin ratio had an AUC of 0.748 (95% CI: 0.663–0.827, p < 0.001) with 58.6% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity. The Fibrinogen/Albumin ratio had an AUC of 0.700 (95% CI: 0.606–0.783, p < 0.001) with 44.3% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity. The CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) and fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) may serve as useful inflammatory markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus, helping to prevent inflammatory complications