Economic outcomes of provincial nominees: Differences between Express Entry and non-Express Entry

The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) has two primary aims: (1) to better distribute economic immigrants across the country and (2) to address specific economic needs of the provinces and territories. In 2015, Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada introduced the Express Entry (EE) system to manage applications for federal economic immigration streams, and some PNP applicants are screened through the EE system. Understanding the differences in human capital characteristics and labour market outcomes between EE provincial nominees (enhanced PNs) and regular (base) PNs can inform policy discussions regarding potential ways of improving the PNP and the coordination between federal and provincial immigration programs.