History of the development of the Mirninsky District in the second half of the twentieth century: historical and demographic aspect

The Mirny District is one of the key regions of Yakutia, where significant changes in the population size and ethnic composition occurred from the 1950s to the 1990s, driven by the development of natural resources, particularly diamonds. While numerous scholarly works exist on the industrial development of Western Yakutia and the ethnodemography of Yakutia, a comprehensive study characterizing the ethnodemography of the Mirny District specifically from the early 1950s to the 1990s has not been conducted. This article utilizes archival materials, statistical data, and census data. The relevance of this study stems from the need for a thorough understanding of the historical development of the Mirny District as a key industrial center of Yakutia, formed during the period of intensive diamond mining in the USSR. In the second half of the 20th century, the district underwent a rapid transformation from a sparsely populated area to a dynamic region with high migration activity, which influenced the demographic structure, ethnic composition, and socioeconomic characteristics of the population. In the current context, as Russia faces the challenges of a demographic crisis, urbanization, and interethnic interactions, studying the historical and demographic aspects of the Mirny District is of practical importance. It allows us to identify patterns of migration flows, the population’s adaptation to the extreme conditions of the North, and the impact of industrialization on demographic dynamics. This can be useful for planning regional policy, preserving cultural heritage, and sustainable development in the Arctic regions. Furthermore, in the context of global changes (climate shifts, economic crises), analyzing past experience helps predict future demographic trends and facilitates interdisciplinary research in the fields of history, demography, and regional studies. The main goal of our study. To analyze the development of the Mirny District in the second half of the 20th century through the lens of demographic processes, exploring the relationship between industrial growth, migration flows, and ethnodemographic changes to understand the mechanisms shaping the district’s modern appearance. Objectives: 1. To study the historical context of the formation and development of the Mirny District in the second half of the 20th century, including key events, factors of industrialization, and the role of the diamond mining industry in the district’s formation. 2. To analyze key demographic processes (migration, natural population growth, urbanization), their dynamics, and their impact on the size, age, and gender structure of the Mirny District’s population. 3. To examine ethnic changes and interethnic interactions, including migration flows from various regions of the USSR and the adaptation of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia to new conditions. 4. To assess the role of socioeconomic factors (working conditions, infrastructure, public policy) in demographic shifts and their implications for the district’s social development. 5. Identify the relationships between historical demographic processes and contemporary challenges (demographic crisis, climate change) in order to propose recommendations for the region’s sustainable development.