Licensing of medical activities: legal problems and ways of improvement

The article examines the systemic legal problems of licensing medical activities in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify key defects in the current licensing model and develop specific proposals for its improvement. To achieve the goal, the tasks of analyzing the regulatory framework, classifying problems, and studying judicial practice are solved. The methodological basis was formed by formal-legal, comparative legal methods and the method of analysis of judicial practice. The main problems are identified and analyzed: fragmentation and redundancy of requirements, formal nature of inspections, legal vacuum in the regulation of telemedicine. The scientific novelty lies in the justification of a comprehensive approach to reform, the key elements of which are: the transition to a risk-oriented model, full digitalization of procedures (“electronic licensing file”) and the development of specialized requirements for services using telemedicine technologies. The results of the study can be used in legislative activities to improve licensing legislation, as well as in the practical work of supervisory authorities and medical organizations.