Clinical and morphological diagnosis of laryngeal schwannoma

Neurogenic tumors located in the larynx are extremely rare. Among them, schwannoma, which is a benign encapsulated tumor arising from Schwann cells that form the sheaths of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system. In this article, we provide a review of the literature on the clinical and morphological diagnosis of laryngeal schwannoma and present a macro- and microscopic picture of a case of laryngeal schwannoma in a woman in the area of the right laryngeal ventricle. At an early stage, they can be asymptomatic and grow slowly. As the tumor enlarges, patients often experience dysphagia, cough, a sensation of a foreign body, sore throat and difficulty swallowing. The main method of diagnosis is morphological diagnostics, with such histological criteria as encapsulation, the presence of Antoni zones A and B and a positive reaction to the S-100 protein. The only effective treatment is surgical excision, which ensures airway patency and prevents tumor recurrence.