Dataset on sequential extraction and biochar production from apple pomace for adsorption applications

The deposited dataset refers to the production, characterization, and application of biochar obtained from apple pomace in the context of a zero-residue biorefinery. The data are directly associated with the study published in ACS Omega and encompass different experimental steps, including sequential extraction of phenolic compounds, sugars, and pectin, as well as the synthesis of biochar from the remaining solid residues. The spreadsheet contains raw and processed experimental data related to: (i) the yield of multi-stage extractions, (ii) the chemical composition of the extracts (total phenolic compounds, sugars, antioxidant activity), (iii) the synthesis conditions of the biochars by different routes (APB, CPB, and CPPB), and (iv) gallic acid adsorption assays, including removal efficiency, adsorptive capacity, and kinetic parameters. The data were obtained using standardized experimental methodologies, including solid-liquid extraction with ethanol and acid solution, HPLC analyses, colorimetric methods (Folin-Ciocalteu and FRAP), and batch adsorption assays. Material characterization involved techniques such as FTIR, BET, TGA, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as described in the article. Data processing included organization in spreadsheets, calculation of means and standard deviations, fitting of kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Avrami and Elovich), and comparative statistical analysis. These data were used to evaluate the performance of biochar as an adsorbent and to validate the integrated biorefinery approach. The purpose of the dataset is to allow for the reproducibility of results, support the validation of kinetic models, and provide a basis for future studies involving the valorization of agro-industrial waste, adsorbent materials, and sustainable processes.