Efficient generation of plasma-activated aerosols

Chapters 3–5 present advancements in plasma-activated water (PAW) nebulization and spray cooling. Chapter 3 demonstrates a hybrid modulation scheme boosting SAW nebulization rates by up to 243%, improving the inherently low nebulization rate of SAW devices. Chapter 4 shows argon plasma-activated PAW enables 103% higher nebulization efficiency, stable antimicrobial activity and complete E. coli inactivation with minimal aerosol used. Chapter 5 introduces hybrid-treated graphene-epoxy coatings that enhance spray cooling of LEDs, reducing water permeation time by 99% and improving heat transfer by 38% which enables cost-effective thermal management solution.