The impact of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) on Ti dental implant-attached biofilms

This PhD investigated high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as an innovative method for removing bacterial biofilms colonising titanium (Ti) implant surfaces. Through systematic review and multi-stage in-vitro experiments on Ti discs and implants colonised by Streptococcus mutans, HIFU demonstrated significant biofilm disruption comparable to clinical method of Airflow®, while uniquely transmitting energy through solid barriers. Complementary imaging and quantitative assays confirmed substantial bacterial reduction without altering Ti chemistry. Findings establish proof-of concept that HIFU can debride biofilms non-invasively, offering clinical advantages of aerosol-free, residue-free operation and paving the way for its translation into peri-implantitis management.