Data for: Experimental Evaluation of Methane Biofiltration under Low-Concentrations Conditions Using Replicated Lab-Scale Systems

Biofiltration is a promising strategy for mitigating low-concentration methane (CH4) emissions, yet performance remains variable and sensitive to operating conditions. This study experimentally evaluated a lab-scale biofiltration system consisting of nine identical packed-bed biofilter columns operated in parallel to quantify how gas flow rate and inlet CH4 concentration affect performance. Two flow rates (1 and 2 L/min) and three inlet concentrations (5000, 10000, and 25000 ppmv) were tested, and methane removal efficiency (RE), elimination capacity (EC), and CO2 production were monitored over extended operation. At 1 L/min, the maximum RE reached 89% at 0.5% v/v, while RE decreased with increasing inlet concentration; at 2 L/min, the maximum RE values were lower (11–40%), consistent with reduced residence time. Conversely, EC increased with inlet concentration and ranged from approximately 3 to 20 g/m.h. Across conditions, peak performance occurred early and declined to lower final values, indicating limited long-term stability under the tested regimes. Two-way ANOVA confirmed significant effects of flow rate and inlet concentration on RE and significant effects of inlet concentration on EC. Overall, the results highlight a practical efficiency–capacity trade-off and emphasize residence time as a key operational parameter for managing methane biofilter performance.