Stigma and barriers in reproductive health among students in Russian and Syrian cities: a comparative sociological study

Stigma and issues faced by students in the reproductive health sphere in Syria and Russia have been studied. Based on data from the July 2025 pilot sociological survey, which included 495 respondents (245 in Russia and 250 in Syria), the impact of economic, political, institutional, and cultural factors on young people’s family plans and reproductive health strategies has been analyzed. The analysis results show that financial difficulties and unstable employment are the most common obstacles in both countries, although Syrian students report more serious difficulties due to the political instability in the country. Russian students often identify career and educational priorities as obstacles, reflecting patterns related to demographic transition. Cultural stigmatization has proved to be another significant obstacle. Although it is present in both contexts, it is especially noticeable in Syria, where taboos related to discussing reproductive health issues persist. The digital environment often turns out to be both a space for informing and discussing issues, as well as the stigmatization sphere. The study shows that unresolved reproductive health issues can lead to delayed marriage, lower fertility, and hidden health complications. The analysis combines symbolic interactionism, conflict theory, and demographic transition theory to clarify the complex and multifaceted nature of these obstacles, demonstrating that reproductive health is not only a medical issue, but also a profoundly social phenomenon. A comparative perspective has been offered on how stable and crisis-affected societies deal with such universal issues as stigmatization and inequality in different ways. The implications for social and family policy have been shown, the need for destigmatization campaigns, anonymous services creation, including in digital format, aimed at young people, and institutional support strengthening in both Russia and Syria has been emphasized.