Desigualdad y exclusión en el acceso a la educación superior: un análisis de las barreras estructurales en América Latina

Objective: This article analyzes the main structural barriers that limit equitable access to highereducation in Latin America, perpetuating intergenerational poverty. Through a qualitative andcomparative approach based on public policy analysis and documentary review, it examinessocial, territorial, and ethnic inequalities that affect vulnerable communities. Methodology:The study reviews cases from Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Argentina, and Costa Rica,showing that educational exclusion stems from systemic and structural causes. Results: Thefindings reveal that territorial segregation, ethnic discrimination, and limited social networkssignificantly hinder access to quality higher education and restrict social mobility. Theseconditions widen economic gaps and reinforce inequality across generations. Practicalimplications: The article highlights the urgency of comprehensive public policies addressingnot only access but also retention and academic achievement through contextually groundedand culturally inclusive strategies. Social implications: Ensuring equitable access to highereducation is essential to breaking persistent cycles of poverty and exclusion, fostering socialcohesion and sustainable development. Originality / value: The study provides an integratedanalysis of inequalities in higher education access by articulating structural, territorial, andcultural dimensions. It contributes to academic debate through a multidimensional interpretativeframework and evidence-based policy recommendations.