COPD Phenotype Endotype: Impact On Diagnosis And Treatment

The pathophysiological processes, treatment approaches, and clinical symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are all different. With a focus on improving patient treatment through the integration of phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers, t his review examines the developing field of precision medicine in COPD therapy. The old and new phenotypes will be covered in this review, along with the most recent recommendations. The phenotypic approach to COPD is significantly altering both pharmaceut ical and nonpharmacological COPD care, as well as daily practice. In COPD, some endotypes have been targeted. Eosinophilic inflammation, excessive interleukin - 17 production, persistent bronchitis, mucus changes, and persistent infection are some of these.B y matching pathobiological mechanisms with targeted therapies, such as inhaled corticosteroids or biologics, biomarkers such as blood eosinophil count, serum c - reactive protein, and sputum transcriptomics are gradually used for patient stratification and g uidance of targeted therapies. Precision medicine has the potential to change COPD care from reactive management to proactive individualized therapeutic paradigms. In order to translate precision medicine into useful, patient - centered COPD care, this revie w summarizes the available data and identifies key future approaches .