Artificial Intelligence in Firms: A Synthesis of Micro-Level Evidence on Productivity, Work, and Skills

AI is reshaping work through shifts in tasks and skills rather than widespread job losses. This policy brief synthesises micro-level evidence on how AI affects productivity, work, and skills within organisations. It finds that generative AI is already embedded in everyday business practice, with productivity gains most visible among less experienced workers. Outcomes vary significantly depending on how AI is integrated into work processes, governance structures, and training. As autonomous AI systems become more prevalent, questions of responsibility, human oversight, and the distribution of risks and benefits grow more pressing. Successful implementation requires not just technological investment, but deliberate choices about leadership, work design, and employee involvement.