METAL HALIDE PEROVSKITE SINGLE CRYSTALS FOR X-RAY DETECTION APPLICATIONS

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as exceptional materials for X-Ray detection owing to their high atomic number components, strong X-Ray absorption, long carrier diffusion lengths, and facile solution processability. This chapter introduces the fundamentals of X-Ray detection, outlining the principles of photon absorption, charge generation, and transport in direct and indirect detectors. Key performance parameters such as sensitivity (μC·Gyair -1·cm-2), detection limit (nGyair·s-1), mobility lifetime (μτ) product (cm2 ·V-1), energy resolution, and response time are discussed to illustrate how material properties influence detector performance. The unique advantages of MHP single crystals are highlighted, including their low defect density, high charge mobility, and tuneable composition, which together enable highly sensitive and low-dose X-Ray imaging. An overview of major crystal growth strategies such as Solution Temperature Lowering, Inverse Temperature Crystallization, Antisolvent Vapor-Assisted Crystallization, mixed-cation and inorganic perovskite growth, and the Bridgman method is provided, emphasizing control of crystal quality and scalability. Recent advances in MHP-based X-Ray detectors are also summarized, showcasing ultralow detection limits and record-high sensitivities surpassing 104 μC·Gyair -1·cm-2. These developments underline the transformative potential of MHP single crystals for next-generation, low-dose medical and industrial imaging. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for continued interdisciplinary research to achieve stable, high-performance, and commercially viable MHP X-Ray detectors.