Smart Headgear for Safety and Monitoring Application

The increasing number of road accidents involving two-wheeler riders has highlighted the critical need for intelligent safety systems capable of providing timely emergency assistance. Conventional helmets offer only passive protection and lack mechanisms for accident detection and emergency communication. This paper presents a Smart Helmet for Accident Detection and Emergency Alert System designed to enhance rider safety through real-time monitoring and automated response. The proposed system integrates helmet detection, alcohol sensing, impact-based accident detection, and manual emergency activation to identify unsafe riding conditions and accident scenarios. Upon detecting an accident or emergency event, the system acquires the rider’s real-time geographic allocation using a GPS module and transmits an alert message containing location details to predefined contacts via a GSM module. An embedded microcontroller coordinates sensor data processing, decision- making, and communication tasks, while an LCD provides real-time system status feedback. Experimental results demonstrate reliable accident detection, accurate location tracking, and timely alert transmission without reliance on internet connectivity. The proposed smart helmet system offers a cost-effective, scalable, and practical solution for improving emergency response time and reducing fatalities among two-wheeler riders.