Prevalence and Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a North Indian Population: a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing public health challenge in India, driven by urbanization, lifestyle transitions and increasing obesity. Early identification of associated cardiometabolic risk factors is essential to reduce complications and improve disease outcomes. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and to evaluate associated clinical and socioeconomic risk factors among patients attending a tertiary care center in North India. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 696 participants who were evaluated for glycemic status, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and comorbidities. Diabetes and prediabetes were classified according to standard guidelines. Obesity was defined using Asian-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-offs and hypertension was categorized based on established criteria. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate comparative tests, with p