Chronic Disease Management in Libya Post-2011: A Review of Challenges, Policy Gaps, and the Path Forward

Since the 2011 uprising, Libya has faced a protracted crisis in chronic disease management. Non communicable diseases (NCDs) now account for 79% of all deaths and 78% of disability adjusted life years. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer have emerged as leading health threats, exacerbated by fragmented governance, damaged infrastructure, severe shortages of health-care workers, and chronic supply chain disruptions. By 2020 Libya had implemented only 26 % of WHO “Best Buy” policies for NCD prevention and control; it lacks a national surveillance system, a dedicated NCD budget line, and a primary health care (PHC) system operating at critically low readiness levels. While international organizations provide essential support, long-term solutions require urgent political prioritization, comprehensive health system rebuilding, sustainable financing, and multisectoral coordination. This integrated review synthesizes evidence from 2011–2025, adds an original discussion of policy tradeoffs and implementation lessons from comparable fragile states, and presents actionable recommendations for strengthening chronic disease management in Libya.