Agricultural Development Policies in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan: A Sociological Perspective

This study aims to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with agricultural development in Bamyan and assess the impacts of political, social, and climatic changes on farmers’ livelihoods. Its goal is to provide policy recommendations tailored to the region’s environmental conditions. This research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. The methodology involves analysing both quantitative and qualitative data collected through questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews to comprehensively evaluate the economic, social, and demographic aspects of the subject. The study population included farmers, government and private sector representatives, beneficiaries, and agricultural experts. Quantitative data are analysed using SPSS software, whereas qualitative data are processed using MAXQDA software. Agriculture is the primary source of income for households in Bamyan. However, factors such as drought, crop pests, insufficient government support, and climate change have contributed to a decline in agricultural income. The main crops cultivated in the region include potatoes, wheat, beans, and alfalfa. Additionally, horticulture, particularly the cultivation of apples and apricots, plays a significant role in local livelihoods. Women actively participate in farming and livestock activities, although social and cultural factors often constrain their involvement. This study emphasises that, despite these challenges, there are opportunities to improve productivity and enhance farmers’ livelihoods. Strategies such as mechanising agriculture, distributing improved seeds, developing infrastructure, and establishing agricultural cooperatives could facilitate progress. For sustainable agricultural development, it is essential to construct irrigation channels, adopt modern technologies, conduct training workshops, and improve access to local and international markets.