Risk-based Approach in Government Programs: Domestic and Foreign Practices

The article examines the problem of integrating a risk-based approach into the process of forming and implementing government programs in Russia. The relevance of the work is due to the growing global instability, limited budgetary resources and insufficient effectiveness of traditional mechanisms of program-oriented and budget planning. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze the features of the risk-based approach in public administration, identify key problems of its implementation in the Russian Federation and develop proposals for improving the methodological and institutional framework. The following methods were used in the work: comparative legal, institutional and systemic analysis; regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, documents of national projects and state programs, international standards of risk management (ISO 31000, COSO ERM) were studied. The main results . The key problems of the domestic experience have been identified: the lack of a single standard for risk assessment, formal threat accounting, weak connection of risk analysis with the budget process, shortage of personnel and digital tools. A comparative analysis of foreign practices (EU, USA, China, Japan) was carried out, which showed a high level of integration of risk management into strategic planning and budgeting. Proposals have been formulated to improve the system: the development of a national risk management standard, the introduction of digital forecasting platforms, the creation of project offices, and advanced training for civil servants. Conclusions . The system integration of risk analysis into the management cycle will increase the sustainability of government programs, ensure the rational use of budget resources and lay the foundation for further digitalization of risk management.