Assessment of Structural Changes in the Economy in Terms of the Priorities of Scientific and Technological Development in Russia

The implementation of the new strategy for the scientific and technological development of Russia requires monitoring structural changes in the economy as an information basis for justifying structural modernization. This information is needed to form economic growth models and stimulate investment activity in industries of new technological structures, which will ensure the development of all related sectors of the economy and the technological independence of the country. In this regard, the objective of the study was to assess structural changes in the economy and their forecasts for the medium term, taking into account the priorities of Russia’s scientific and technological development. The study is based on the calculation and assessment of qualitative changes in the structure of the economy, focusing on the identified priority sectors and industries. It also evaluates the quality of these changes. Based on the EMISS data for 2017–2023, we have constructed trends that meet the criteria of approximation reliability, and correctly reflect the established patterns in the changes in indicators. We have also made a forecast for 2024–2026 in the context of the identified sectors and industries. An improved approach to grouping priority sectors and industries is of theoretical significance, as it allows us to assess structural changes in the economy from the perspective of the priorities of Russia’s scientific and technological development. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in the possibility of their use for monitoring the implementation of the strategy for scientific and technological development, as well as in supporting investment projects aimed at the technological advancement of companies in the industries of new technological structures that are essential for future economic growth. The research methodology may be of interest to strategic development centers and investment funds that support industry and entrepreneurship.