Financial Mechanisms for Achieving Technological Sovereignty: Assessing the Impact of R&D Expenditures

In the context of global competition for technological leadership, it is important to identify the factors of technological transformation is important for solving the problems of economic restructuring. This includes determining the optimal balance between public spending and private investment in research and development, as well as choosing effective fiscal instruments. Patent activity serves as an indicator of the effectiveness of scientific and technical policy. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of investments in research and development based on the criterion of patent activity in order to determine strategic guidelines for achieving technological sovereignty. The research focuses on financial and economic indicators from 77 foreign countries between 2019 and 2023. The subject of this research is the factors that influence the increase in the efficiency of investments in research and development. Research methods — in particular, the logarithmic transformation of data for linear approximation, correlation and regression analysis to determine the return on investment in R&D, classification of countries based on the level of efficiency of return on investment in R&D. The scientific novelty of our approach lies in the use of logarithmic data transformation and regression modeling to quantify the elasticity of patent applications from R&D costs. Additionally, we will group countries based on their level of return from research and development efforts. By conducting this study, we aim to demonstrate the impact of R&D investment on technological sovereignty, considering the indicator of patent activity. We also intend to incorporate foreign experience in government support, private investment, and the integration of science and production.. The study revealed a strong correlation between patent activity and R&D expenses. A 1% increase in R&D spending leads to a 1.21% increase in the number of patent applications. This confirms the importance of investing in R&D in order to maintain technological sovereignty. Russia demonstrates relatively high patent activity compared to its R&D investments, indicating a risk of depleting its innovation potential. To address this issue, it is crucial to increase R&D funding and remove barriers to technology commercialization.