Impedance-Modulating Patch Integration for Gain and Bandwidth Control of Antenna-in-Display in Millimeter-Wave Smartphones

In this study, an impedance-modulating patch (IMP) antenna-in-display (AiD) scheme is introduced to enable on-demand modification of the antenna operating frequency, bandwidth, and gain by selectively laminating a film with a printed IMP onto a pre-designed AiD. By adjusting the integration position of the IMP over the AiD folded dipole antenna, the gain and bandwidth are easily modified to meet the desired antenna characteristics. This approach facilitates flexible antenna performance while retaining the advantages of AiD without having to reproduce the entire mask for the mother glass, thereby avoiding excessive costs that display manufacturers typically seek to minimize. Two design examples are presented: a wideband version with a 28% bandwidth and a high-gain version achieving 6.25 dBi. The latter is validated through measurement. IMP-AiD thus offers a practical solution for next-generation display antennas.