Half a century of studying Siberian chernozem fertility (on the 45th anniversary of the foundation of the Soil Fertility Laboratory of the Siberian Research Institute of Fodder Crops SFSCA RAS)

A brief overview of the results of the studies of soil fertility in Siberia is presented. Quantitative analysis of grain production processes in the years with varying weather conditions was conducted; experimental evidence was provided to demonstrate the absence of the need for special regulation of humus content in the soil; the role of the mobile fraction of soil organic matter in stabilizing humus reserves was revealed. The possibility of nitrogen migration beyond the root zone was established with an average annual nitrogen balance close to the deficit-free one. The method for calculating the comparative efficiency of biological and technical nitrogen under specific agro-technological conditions was proposed. The necessity of calculating the doses of phosphorus fertilizers for grain crops based on the amount of element alienation with the grain yield was substantiated. It was shown that for the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region, the dose of P 40–60 recommended for the soils of the Russian Federation is excessive and does not pay off in terms of grain yield. The contribution of a complex of chemicals to the increase in the yield of spring wheat was estimated: the contribution of herbicides is about 10%, fungicides – 20%, mineral fertilizers – 70% with a payback of 1 kg of active ingredient of 12.4 kg of grain. Classification of the years based on the weather conditions was proposed for calculating the economic feasibility of using fertilizers in the years with different moisture conditions. The Agroten program was created for decision-making on the use of intensification tools in crop cultivation technologies. Soil microbiological principles for minimizing primary tillage in the Ob region were formulated. New methods for assessing the resilience of soil microbiomes to agrogenic stress factors were patented by the Russian Federation. A scale for assessing the probability of accumulation of pesticide residues in soil was proposed. The idea that straw is a renewable resource for agrocenoses, ensuring their ecotoxicological well-being, was experimentally substantiated. The first stage of a metagenomic analysis of the microbiome of leached chernozem in the Ob region was completed.