Using ring and screw rollers when sowing wheat on cultivated fallow soil

The article presents the results of comparative tests of ring and screw rollers for sowing wheat on cultivated fallow soil. Field experiments were conducted at the site of the Siberian Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture and at the experimental field of the Siberian Research Institute of Fodder Crops from April to September 2024. Fallow soil was cultivated with the KL-2.5N tillage unit, and sowing was carried out with the PPM-2.5ZT experimental seeding machine. The working body of the KL-2.5N and PPM-2.5ZT is designed as a standard straight rack with a 410 mm paw. The ring roller consists of individual rings made in the shape of a truncated cone, assembled into batteries with a certain pitch, and the screw roller is made of a tape wound in a spiral with a certain pitch. The width of the belt of the screw roller is the same as that of the ring roller (40 mm), the thickness is 8 mm. As a result of calculations, it was established that for a ring roller, the soil reaction force that resists the movement of the ring significantly exceeds the force that prevents soil deformation. Accordingly, at a low angle of attack, the soil raised by the rim of the ring will leave high ridges. In a screw roller, the force of resistance to belt movement and the force preventing soil deformation are practically equal. Therefore, increasing the angle of attack will result in greater soil movement and increased ridge height. As a result of the field experiment, it was established that when operating in an active mode, the minimum ridge height of the screw roller was obtained when the roller was set to an attack angle of 15°, and for the ring roller it was 25°. When restoring fallow lands in the pioneer stage, it is necessary to use ring or screw rollers to level the field surface and remove weeds. Spring tillage in preparation for sowing is best carried out with cultivators equipped with ring rollers, and pre-sowing cultivation should be carried out with a ring harrow.